Researchers at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine have undertaken macroeconomic modelling since 2007. Our work consists primarily of Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) modelling of health, health policy or broader policy interventions which have implications for health.

Our full integration of CGE models with epidemiological and demographic models was pioneering when it was first completed (in 2013) and, to our knowledge, our integrated models (which now include applications to malaria, diet and a current TB focussed project) are still the only fully integrated health-demographic-CGE models.

Over the years, we have worked on:

• infectious disease applications including SARS and influenza, antimicrobial resistance, malaria, tuberculosis and, most recently, Covid-19
• non-communicable disease applications have covered the areas of Alzheimer's disease and dementia
• the implications of non-communicable diseases and related policies for agriculture, food, the environment and trade, greenhouse gas reduction strategies with health co-benefits
• an evaluation of the UK Soft Drinks Industry Levy
• non-disease specific macroeconomic analyses concerning healthcare financing and age-specific labour supply analyses

The models we apply vary in complexity from comparative static (single time point) health-focussed applications to dynamic fully integrated health-demographic-macroeconomic frameworks and also include models with sub-modules for analysis of nutritional, land use and greenhouse gas emissions.

Our macroeconomic modelling work is not restricted to any particular country or region. previous country applications include

• Asia and the Pacific: Vietnam, China, Thailand, India, Malaysia, Indonesia, Myanmar
• Europe: UK, France, Belgium, Germany, Netherlands, Poland, Turkey
• Latin America and Caribbean: Argentina, Bolivia, and Colombia
• Middle East and Northern Africa: Morocco
• Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA): Ghana, Mozambique, Tanzania